Today it is one of the most accepted international exams for academic qualification, professional licensing, and immigration. IELTS is available for people who need to demonstrate their English language proficiency for specific purposes. You should take the Academic Training modules if you are planning to apply to an international university where English is the spoken language.
The Academic Training modules are also used as a measure of professional language proficiency for educators, nurses, veterinarians, and other professionals. The General Training modules are more suitable if you want to work, live, or study at a secondary institution in an English-speaking country. Government departments and businesses around the globe also require an IELTS or equivalent score for employment or immigration.
Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Share this Post. Download links. Hot coffee sales fell to just 30 servings daily. In general, the average daily sales of each food item changed when the season changed. Certain items were more popular in the winter, but certain others were more popular in the summer.
Check for Thesis Statement The thesis is a statement of what the essay is about. The first sentence of this essay is the topic sentence. It briefly summarizes the information in the graph and lets the reader know that the essay is about the graph.
Thesis Statement: The bar graph shows how many servings of certain food items are sold on average every day in two different seasons at the Vista Cafe. Check for Main Ideas The main ideas support the thesis. The second sentence of this essay tells what comparisons the writer will make-the average number of sales of the food items in two different seasons. These comparisons will become the main ideas of the body paragraphs of the essay-one paragraph will be about sales in the winter season, and the other will be about sales in the summer season.
Check for Suppordng Details The supporting details in an essay give information to support the main ideas. Each body paragraph in this essay has a main idea that matches a comparison introduced in the first paragraph.
Each main idea is followed by details that support it. The conclusion makes a general statement about these comparisons-that some items sold more in the winter and others sold more in the summer. Check for Transition Words Transition words connect ideas. See Chapter 2 page for more information on transition words.
This essay uses appropriate transition words. There are no grammar or spelling errors in this essay. See Chapter 4 page for a discussion of different sentence types. This essay uses a variety of sentence types. Here are some examples. Paragraph 4 Complex sentence In general, the average daily sales of each food item changed when the sea- son changed. Paragraph 4 Compound Certain items were more popular in the Sentence winter, but certain others were more popular in the summer.
Use the Revision Checklist to help you answer the questions. A The line graph below shows the number of cell phone subscribers in a particular city, by gender. Cell Phone Subscribers, Marysville u, There was no change in the number of subscribers between and Then, the number rose slightly between and , when there were about male subscribers.
Similarly, the number of women subscribing to cell phone service rose in most years between and There was a slight drop to about subscribers between and , and that number stayed steady between and Overall, while the numbers of both male and female subscribers rose significantly, they rose more for men.
Mark each supporting detail with the letter: A, B, C, etc. Correct any errors. B The graph below shows the number of students enrolled in two different schools. The number of students at each school changed every year. Enrollment at Riverside School rose steadily over the four-year period shown on the graph.
There was a small increase from a little under students in to a little over in Then, enrollment started to rise more rapidly. In , there were students enrolled in Riverside School, and in enrollment was close to There was a small rise between and , from students to just over In , enrollment fell back to students. It also fell in , to around students.
While enrollment changed each year at both schools, it increased at Riverside School and fell at Litchneld School. On Saturday sales were highest in the evening, and on Sunday sales were highest in the afternoon. On Saturday, the most popular times to see a movie were in the evening. Sales started out relatively low, with tickets sold for the show and sold for the show. After that, sales rose to tickets sold for both the and shows.
On Sunday, on the other hand, the most popular time to see a movie was in the afternoon. Sales started out highest for the show, when tickets were sold.
Then, sales dropped steadily, and they reached their lowest for the show, when just 50 tickets were sold. In general, moviegoers at the Springfield Cinema seem to prefer later shows on Saturday and earlier shows on Sunday. Resource 0 Vocabulary Variety 0. D The pie charts below show the highest level of education achieved by people over age 21 in two different countries. The levels of education reached were different for each country. In Country A, most adults had at least some schooling.
Only ftve percent of the adult population had not gone to school at all, and just fifteen percent stopped studying after primary school. A very small part of the population, ftve percent, got university degrees. Five percent had no schooling. Another five percent did not go beyond primary school. Thirty-five percent of the adult population, on the other hand, stopped studying after secondary school. In both countries, most of the adults had at least some education, and many continued studying after secondary school.
Write at least words. A process diagram may show the steps in a process, or it may show changes in a place over time. You will have to describe the steps in the process or describe the changes. Remember that you will have 60 minutes to complete the writing part of the test, and to allow 20 minutes for Task 1.
Address the Task When you see a diagram, determine whether it shows the steps in a process or changes in a place. Decide whether the diagram shows steps in a process or changes in a place.
Write ''steps" or "changes. The diagram below shows the process of generating electricity with a wind turbine. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main featuresl and make comparisons where relevant.
Diagrams A Cotton Cloth Production 1. Wind 2. Blades 3. Rotor 4. Drive shaft 5. Gear box 6. Generator 7. Wind monitor- measures speed and direction of wind 8. Rotating motor - moves turbine to face into the wind 9.
Cable - carries electric current Substation Homes Make a note of both the title and the description. Diagram I The diagram below shows the process of producing raisins from grapes. Raisin Production 1. Grape harvest Drying weeks Transportation 4. Grocery stores Commercial bakeries Export nt1e:. Note the title and the description for each one. For a diagram that shows how a place changes, you will have to determine the differences between the before and after pictures.
Most diagrams will have labels to help you identify objects and actions. A diagram may also have arrows to show direction of movement, entering or exiting, etc. Diagram I. Details I. Details Before. Make notes about details for each one. Not all diagrams will have the same number of steps or changes.
C Details Before After Dlagram. Now you will use these notes to write your essay. Write the Introduction The introduction tells the topic of your essay. Your essay will be about the diagram. In Practice 2 page 52 , you made notes about the topic of the diagram. Now you will use those notes to write the introduction to your essay. Write the Topic Sentence Write one sentence that tells what the diagram is about. Do not copy the title and task exactly. Use synonyms. See Chapter 3 page for more information on synonyms.
Look at these examples based on the sample diagrams on pages Topic sentence The diagram presents the steps for making raisins from grapes. Discussion The topic sentence avoids copying exact phrases and sentences from the task and diagram title by using the word presents instead of shows, steps instead of process, and making instead of producing.
Diagram II Task The diagram below shows a library before and after renovations. Notes Title:J?! Discussion The topic sentence avoids copying exact phrases and sentences from the task and diagram title by using the word illustrates instead of shows and changes instead of renovations.
Some words will have more than one synonym. Synonyms 1 show A prior to B changes Write a General Statement The topic sentence tells what the diagram is about. If the diagram shows a process, mention how the process begins and ends. It takes a number of steps to go from an apple on a tree to applesauce we can buy in a store. The neighborhood was much busier following the construction of the bridge. There are more words than you will need. B It goes through several stages from..
C The neighborhood changed from a D Many things were E The electricity is Use your notes from Practice 2 page 52 to write the topic sentence, and use the general statements from Practice 6 above. You identified the steps in a process or the changes between two diagrams. Now you will turn these notes into sentences for the body of your essay. Use Passive Voice A Task 1 diagram shows actions. It doesn't usually show the person performing the actions. When you don't know who or what performs an action, use passive voice.
Passive voice is formed with the verb be and the past participle form of the main verb. It can be used in any verb tense. In Task 1, you will generally use either present tense or past tense. Look at these examples of passive voice. The apples are harvested. Use present tense. Frozen Orange Juice Concentrate 1. Harvest Transportation Fruit washer 4. First, the fruit When the oranges are ripe, they prepare Then, they The trucks harvest load carry the oranges to the processing plant.
There, they The washed oranges go though the extractor, which make extracts the juice. Next, the juice goes to the evaporator, where it The concentrate Then, it freeze The cans of juice Customers buy the frozen concentrate and enjoy it at home.
Use Sequence Words and Phrases When you write about a process diagram, you will write about the steps of the process in the order that they occur. Use sequence words and phrases to show their order in time. See Chapter 2 page for more information on sequence words and phrases.
Use before with the step that comes later. Use after with the step that comes first. Before the raisins are put into packages, they are sorted. Meaning-First the grapes are sorted; then they are put into packages. The raisins are taken to the processing plant after they are dried. Meaning-First the grapes are dried; then they are taken to the processing plant. Sequence Words after before finally first next then Recycling Plastic Bottles 1.
Plastic Bottle Consumer Recycling bin To the recycling plant 4. New products The diagram shows the process of recycling plastic bottles to make new products.
It takes several steps to go from used bottles to new products made out of the same material. The I This machine turns the pieces into pellets. You will have to describe what you see in each diagram. Location on on the right in on the left next to on the other side beside in the middle in front of across from behind Look at these examples.
Wild River There is a bridge over the river. There are some trees next to the bridge. Across the river from the trees there is a house. Some flowers are growing next to the house.
On the other side of the house there is a barn. A boat is sailing on the river. Write at least one sentence about each of the objects on the list. Lakeside Park 1 nature center 2 parking lot 3 cars 4 picnic area 5 trees. Begin with the introductions you wrote in Practice 7 page 59 ; then use your notes about details from Practice 3 page 54 to write the body of each essay. Mention each of the steps or each of the changes you identified.
Use the Revision Checklist When you revise, you check the content and the language of your essay. Make sure the essay is clear and well organized and that you have used correct grammar and spelling. The diagram below shows the process of producing raisins from grapes. Cleaner Washer Sorter 0 7. Grocery stores Commercial bakeries Export The diagram presents the steps for making raisins from grapes.
It takes several steps to go from grapes on the vine to packaged raisins ready for sale. To begin, the grapes are picked from the vines. After picking, they are laid in the sun to dry.
It takes two to three weeks to dry the fruit. When the raisins are dry, they are packed in boxes and taken by truck to the processing plant. At the plant, the raisins go through a cleaner, which removes bits of dirt. Next they are washed in a washer. Before the raisins are packaged, they are sorted by size. Then, the raisins are put in different kinds of packages. Some raisins are put in small packages, and they are sold to grocery stores. Some are put in larger packages to be sold to commercial bakeries or to be exported to other countries.
Check for Topic Sentence The first sentence of this essay is the topic sentence. It tells the topic of the diagram and lets the reader know that the essay is about the diagram.
The diagram presents the steps for making raisins from grapes. Together with the topic sentence, it introduces the reader to the essay. Check for Sequence of Steps This diagram shows the steps in a process, so the essay must describe the steps in sequence.
The essay describes these steps in the sequence they are presented in the diagram. This essay describes a sequence of steps and uses sequence words and phrases to connect the steps. To begin, the grapes are picked After picking Next they are washed Before the raisins are packaged Then, the raisins are put Check for Grammar and Spelling Correct grammar and spelling help keep your ideas clear to the reader.
This essay contains no grammar or spelling errors. Check for Sentence Variety Using a variety of sentence types in your essay can help you express your ideas more clearly, and it makes your essay more interesting to read. Complex Sentence Before the raisins are packaged, they are sorted by size.
Compound Sentence Some raisins are put in small packages, and they are sold to grocery stores. Answer the questions that follow each essay. A The diagram below shows the process of recycling plastic bottles. Recycling Plastic Bottles 1. First, the bottles have to be sent to the recycling plant.
Then, the bottles are picked up by truck, and they are transported to the recycling plant. There, they have to be washed before they can go through the recycling process. After washing, they are sent to another machine, where they are shredded into small pieces.
Next, the shredded pieces go into the extruder. Finally, the pellets are used to make new plastic products such as bottles, cups, and toys, which we can buy and use at home.
The library was larger and it had more rooms after the renovations were done. Before the renovations, the desk was in the middle of the library. Behind it was the reference area. There was a large children's room on the right.
Additionally, there were two rooms for adults, one nonftction and the other ftction, on the left. The desk was moved closer to the front door. Behind the desk, in place of the old reference area, was a new reading area. The old children's room was divided into two rooms, one for magazines and one for the new reference area.
Behind these rooms, a new children's room was built. Also, a new garden was created next to it. Although changes were made to the other areas of the library, the two adult rooms remained in the same place.
Questions for B I Find the topic sentence and underline it. Wood Pellet Boiler Hot water tank , Cool water Under floor heating The diagram shows how a wood pellet boiler is used to provide heat and hot water for a house. The pellets are burned to produce heat, which is then distributed through the house. To begin, a truck delivers wood pellets to the house, and they are stored in a large container.
Then, when heat is needed, the pellets move to the boiler, where they are burned to heat up water. Next, the hot water moves to several places in the house. Some of it goes to pipes under the -Aoor for under--Aoor heating. Some of it also goes to a radiator to heat the rooms of the house. Additionally, some of the hot water goes to a hot water tank, which holds the water for washing and bathing.
After the hot water has heated the house, it returns as cool water to the boiler, where it is heated to be used again. Canner Grocery store Consumer The diagram explains the process of making frozen orange juice concentrate from fresh oranges. It takes several steps to go from oranges on the tree to frozen concentrate that can be mixed and consumed at home.
First, the ripe oranges are harvested. Then, they are loaded onto trucks and transported to the processing plant. After the trucks are unloaded at the plant, the oranges go through a fruit washer.
Next, they are sent through an extractor, which squeezes out the juice. Then, the extracted juice goes through the juice evaporator, which concentrates it, and the juice concentrate is frozen in the freezer.
Finally, the frozen concentrate is put into cans and is ready for sale. The cans of frozen concentrate are distributed to grocery stores, where customers buy it for use at home.
The customer mixes the frozen concentrate with water and enjoys a delicious glass of orange juice. Coffee Production 1. Harvest Depulper Fermenting tanks days 4. Drying the beans Sorters Roaster 7.
T his will help you develop your ideas and ensure that you include all the necessary information. Address the 1"ask In Task 1, you will see a brief description of a situation. You will be asked to write a letter to a certain person about the situation. You will be given several points to cover in your letter. You must address all the points. Circle your choices on the list that follows each task. There may be more than one answer for each task. When you took it back to the store, you were told that merchandise cannot be returned.
Write a letter to the store manager. You do NOT need to write any addresses. Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir or Madam, make an invitation describe a problem ask for help describe a thing or place ask for advice suggest a solution 2 You are planning a business trip to another city. You will have some free time to do some sightseeing while you are there. Write a letter to a friend who lives in the city you will visit.
Write a letter to your landlord. Write a letter to a friend. When you got home, you realized you had left your bag in the taxi.
Write a letter to the manager of the taxi company. Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir or Madam, make an invitation describe a problem ask for help describe a thing or place ask for advice suggest a solution Determine the Topic Task 1 begins with a brief description of a situation.
T his tells you the topic of the letter you will write. Write the letter of the topic next to the number of the corresponding task. You will not use all the topics. Look at this example. Write a letter to your friend. Read the three points and take a minute to brainstorm some ideas for addressing each one. Then, choose one idea for each point to include in your letter. It doesn't matter which ideas you choose; just choose something you can write about. Brainstorm a short list of ideas for addressing each point.
The lists have been started for you. Task You have a bicycle that you are no longer using. You would like to sell it to a friend. Task You live in a small apartment building. You are frequently bothered by noise from your upstairs neighbor's apartment.
Write a letter to your neighbor. Brainstorm a short list of ideas for addressing each or wrong answers point in each of the tasks. Then, choose one idea for each point. Later, you will use these as main In Task 1. You must address all parts of ideas when you write your letter. Task2 1 Explain the purpose of the trip. Task3 I Describe the situation. Tasks I Explain how you lost your bag. Make Notes About Details After you have come up with a main idea to address each point in the task, think of two or three details to support each main idea.
Main idea point 1 nR. Main idea point 2 r. Main idea point 3 Y. Details r. Include two or three details for each main idea. A Main idea point 1. Details Main idea point 3J. Task You have decided to look for a new job. Start with the main ideas you identified in Practice 4 page 86 ; then brainstorm two or three details for each main idea.
You will use your notes about the topic, main ideas, and details as your guide. You should take about 12 minutes to write your letter. Write the Greeting You will begin your letter with a greeting. The instructions might provide the entire greeting: Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir or Madam, This is a greeting for a formal business letter when you don't know the name of the person you are addressing, for example, the manager of a store or restaurant.
TIP Traditionally, Dear Sir or Madam has been considered the correct greeting for a formal business letter, although nowadays the custom is changing. If the letter is for a person with whom you would have a business relationship, for example, a landlord, use a title such as Mr. Some examples are Mr.
Lee, Mrs. Kim, or Ms. It doesn't matter what last name you use, just choose any last name that comes to mind. If you can't think of a last name, use your own or a friend's last name. If the letter is for a friend, use a first name.
Again, it doesn't matter what name you use; any name will do. Lopez, 3 Your next-door neighbor whom you know well A Dear Mr. This paragraph introduces the ideas that you will develop in your letter.
Write the Topic Sentence The first sentence of your introduction is the topic sentence. When you planned your letter, you determined the topic. Now you will turn the topic into a topic sentence. Begin the sentence with a phrase such as the following: I want to let you know I want to inform you I thought you should know I thought you'd be interested I am writing about I am writing to request I would like to ask Then briefly explain the topic of the letter.
Topic selling a bicycle to a friend Topic Sentence I thought you'd be interested in the bike I am selling. Topic looking for a new job Topic Sentence I want to let you know that I have decided to seek new employment. Task You Jive in a small apartment building.
Topic Sentence Task You let a friend stay at your apartment while you were away on a trip. When you returned home, you discovered that a valuable possession was broken. Topic Sentence Task You have recently moved to a new neighborhood.
Write a letter to the building manager. Topic Sentence. Summarize the Main Ideas When you wrote your notes, you identified main ideas. Now you will summarize those main ideas in your introduction. Look at the following notes and introduction for the task about selling a bicycle to a friend. Notes Topic. Main idea point 1. Main idea point2 r. Main idea point3 Y. Introduction I thought you'd be interested in a bicycle I am selling.
I just don't have time to use it much anymore. However, it's a really great racing bicycle, and I think you would really like it. And the more things we know, the more dreams we achieve out of our life. It is a fact that all great people at some point of time in their life have drawn inspiration from books.
So Reading is like an exercise for our brains. It makes you think creatively and allow us to improve our characters. I hope that you are going to like it.
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